India has entered the second stage of financial sector development, where market forces are helping in resources allocation and efficient price discovery process. The harmonization of regulatory institutions and devising of new financial architecture is necessary to enhance the resilience of India’s financial sector and reduce the fragility of some financial institutions. High exposure in government securities, government-guaranteed loans, improper valuation of collaterals, vulnerability to interest rate cycle, still high level of NPAs, unsatisfactory corporate governance and disclosures, inadequate surveillance, stock market volatility, risk concentration and policy failure cause concern. This necessitates improving transparency and governance, resolving failure in the industrial and financial sector, de-linking government and private sector, fostering innovation, and improving the supervisory and regulatory infrastructure. Given the debilitating impact of the financial sector crisis on the economy, the stability of the financial sector should be the goal of the economy. Financial stability can be strengthened by improved financial infrastructure, enhanced competition and restructured segments of the financial system. Reform measures enhanced the efficiency and stability of the banking system in India. Indian Banks are well placed compared with their counterparts in developed countries. But there are persisting issues of removal of structural barriers to competition, Privatisation of the Banking system, radical restructuring, downsizing of the balance sheet, recapitalisation and eventual Privatisation of the financial Institutions, withdrawal of Quantitative credit controls and directed credit and Modernisation of the payment system. The inexorable process of economic reforms must continue to slash poverty and support sustainable development while strengthening financial Institutions. This overarching goal of development needs a renewed thrust on Financial sector reforms. The papers included in the present book cover large areas, but all coalesce into the central br>Theme of India’s transforming financial sector. It is hoped that the book will prove useful to a wide cross-section of the reading public, including scholars and academics, government executives, international institutions, business communities, and planners and policy make Rs.