This book covers a wide spectrum of areas in the interdisciplinary fields of life sciences, pharmacy, medical and paramedical sciences, and biotechnology. Life sciences are sciences that deal with the study of life. It encompasses a broad spectrum of academic fields that are often viewed as independent disciplines. However, together they address phenomena related to living organisms over a wide range of scales, from biochemistry to ecology. Applied life science aims to develop a liberal arts perspective on biotechnology in which history, theory, criticism, and practice merge to produce a cadre of technically literate graduates who are prepared for a range of post Lehigh careers, including graduate and professional school, communication, policy, and business. The educational goals include the development of critical thinking and effective communication skills, the mastery of a body of biotechnology knowledge and skills, and integration of multidisciplinary approaches to analyzing biotechnology issues. In bioinformatics, a sequence alignment is a ways of arranging the sequences of DNA, RNA, or protein to identify regions of similarity that may be a consequence of functional, structural, or evolutionary relationship between the sequences. Aligned sequences of nucleotide or amino acid residues are typically represented as rows within a matrix. Gaps are inserted between the residues so that identical or similar characters are aligned in successive columns. Sequence alignments are also used for non biological sequences, such as those present in natural language or in financial data. The book will be highly useful and must read for students, researchers and professionals in botany, environmental sciences, agriculture molecular biology and life sciences.