Environmental impact assessment (EIA) is a process of evaluating the likely environmental impacts of a proposed project or development, taking into account inter-related socio-economic, cultural and human-health impacts, both beneficial and adverse. The international association for impact assessment (IAIA) defines an environmental impact assessment as "the process of identifying, predicting, evaluating and mitigating the biophysical, social, and other relevant effects of developmental proposals prior to major decisions being taken and commitments made". This book deals with how environmental impact assessment should be carried out for specific environmental components such as air and water. The book provides an essential introduction to EIA for undergraduate and postgraduate students on planning courses, as well as those studying environmental management and policy, environmental sciences, geography and the built environment.